Foundation
for Critical thinking
Ø Socrates- 2500
Ø Renaissances period – 15th
& 16th centuries scholars like Colet , Erasmus , Moore &
Francs Bacon in England
Ø 50 years later – in France
– Ds crates “Rules for the Direction of the mind” , Sir Thomas Moore –“
New social utopia” in which every domain of the presence world
was subject to critique
Ø Italian Renaissance period
– Machiavelli’s “The Prince” critically assessed the politics of the day &
laid the foundation for the modern critical political thought.
Ø 16th & 17th
century in England – Hobbes & Locke had followed the same principles
Machiavelli
Ø 17th century –
Robert Boyle , Sir Isaac Newton, “French Englightment”
- Bayle ,Montesquieu ,Voltaire &
Diderot
Ø 18th century-
Adam Smith & Kant’s (Declaration of Independence & Critique of pure
reason)
Ø 19th century-
Comet & Spencer
Ø 20th century –
William Graham Summer , John Dewey , Ludwig Wittgenstein & Piaget